GROUPING

Declaration

GROUPING(expr)

Description

GROUP BY can use the WITH ROLLUP clause to aggregate each group to represent a higher-level aggregation (also known as super-aggregation), and generate additional rows. For example, the following SQL groups sales by year and outputs the aggregated results for each group.

Rows where year is NULL are super-aggregation rows.

SELECT year, SUM(profit) AS profit
   FROM sales
   GROUP BY year WITH ROLLUP;
+------+--------+
| year | profit |
+------+--------+
| 2000 |   4525 |
| 2001 |   3010 |
| NULL |   7535 |
+------+--------+

When WITH ROLLUP is used with multiple GROUP BY columns, the results become more complex. In this case, each group will generate a super-aggregation row. For example, the following SQL generates additional super-aggregation rows.

SELECT year, country, product, SUM(profit) AS profit
   FROM sales
   GROUP BY year, country, product WITH ROLLUP;
+------+---------+------------+--------+
| year | country | product    | profit |
+------+---------+------------+--------+
| 2000 | Finland | Computer   |   1500 |
| 2000 | Finland | Phone      |    100 |
| 2000 | Finland | NULL       |   1600 |
| 2000 | India   | Calculator |    150 |
| 2000 | India   | Computer   |   1200 |
| 2000 | India   | NULL       |   1350 |
| 2000 | USA     | Calculator |     75 |
| 2000 | USA     | Computer   |   1500 |
| 2000 | USA     | NULL       |   1575 |
| 2000 | NULL    | NULL       |   4525 |
| 2001 | Finland | Phone      |     10 |
| 2001 | Finland | NULL       |     10 |
| 2001 | USA     | Calculator |     50 |
| 2001 | USA     | Computer   |   2700 |
| 2001 | USA     | TV         |    250 |
| 2001 | USA     | NULL       |   3000 |
| 2001 | NULL    | NULL       |   3010 |
| NULL | NULL    | NULL       |   7535 |
+------+---------+------------+--------+

The GROUPING function is used to distinguish super-aggregation rows. If the row is a super-aggregation row, the function returns 1; otherwise, it returns 0.

For example, the following SQL uses the GROUPING function to add a condition to identify super-aggregation rows.

SELECT
   IF(GROUPING(year), 'All years', year) AS year,
   IF(GROUPING(country), 'All countries', country) AS country,
   IF(GROUPING(product), 'All products', product) AS product,
   SUM(profit) AS profit
     FROM sales
     GROUP BY year, country, product WITH ROLLUP;
+-----------+---------------+--------------+--------+
| year      | country       | product      | profit |
+-----------+---------------+--------------+--------+
| 2000      | Finland       | Computer     |   1500 |
| 2000      | Finland       | Phone        |    100 |
| 2000      | Finland       | All products |   1600 |
| 2000      | India         | Calculator   |    150 |
| 2000      | India         | Computer     |   1200 |
| 2000      | India         | All products |   1350 |
| 2000      | USA           | Calculator   |     75 |
| 2000      | USA           | Computer     |   1500 |
| 2000      | USA           | All products |   1575 |
| 2000      | All countries | All products |   4525 |
| 2001      | Finland       | Phone        |     10 |
| 2001      | Finland       | All products |     10 |
| 2001      | USA           | Calculator   |     50 |
| 2001      | USA           | Computer     |   2700 |
| 2001      | USA           | TV           |    250 |
| 2001      | USA           | All products |   3000 |
| 2001      | All countries | All products |   3010 |
| All years | All countries | All products |   7535 |
+-----------+---------------+--------------+--------+

Examples

CREATE TABLE employees (manager_id INT,last_name varchar(50),hiredate varchar(50),SALARY INT);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(100, 'Raphaely', '2017-07-01', 1700);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(100, 'De Haan', '2018-05-01',11000);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(100, 'Errazuriz', '2017-07-21', 1400);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(100, 'Hartstein', '2019-05-01',14000);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(100, 'Raphaely', '2017-07-22', 1700);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(100, 'Weiss',  '2019-07-11',13500);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(100, 'Russell', '2019-10-05', 13000);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(100, 'Partners',  '2018-12-01',14000);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(200, 'Ross',  '2019-06-11',13500);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(200, 'Bell', '2019-05-25', 13000);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(200, 'Part',  '2018-08-11',14000);
COMMIT;

SELECT IF(GROUPING(manager_id),'manager_id',manager_id) AS manager_id,SUM(SALARY) FROM employees GROUP BY manager_id WITH ROLLUP;
+------------+-------------+
| manager_id | SUM(SALARY) |
+------------+-------------+
| 100        |       70300 |
| 200        |       40500 |
| manager_id |      110800 |
+------------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.001 sec)