Character sets
The default character set of seekdb is utf8mb4_general_ci.
The following table lists the character sets supported by seekdb.
| Character set | Collation | Description |
|---|---|---|
| utf8mb4_general_ci | utf8mb4 | Uses the general collation. |
| utf8mb4_bin | utf8mb4 | Uses the binary collation. |
| utf8mb4_unicode_ci | utf8mb4 | Uses the Unicode Collation Algorithm (UCA) based collation. |
| utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci | utf8mb4 | Uses the Unicode 5.2.0 collation. It follows Unicode code point collation and ignores case differences. |
| utf8mb4_croatian_ci | utf8mb4 | Uses the Croatian collation. utf8mb4_croatian_ci is compatible with utf8_croatian_ci. |
| utf8mb4_czech_ci | utf8mb4 | Uses the Czech collation. |
| utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | Uses the Unicode 9.0.0 collation and ignores case differences, treating uppercase and lowercase letters as the same. |
| binary | binary | Uses the binary collation. |
| gbk_chinese_ci | gbk | Uses the Chinese collation. |
| gbk_bin | gbk | Uses the binary collation. |
| utf16_general_ci | utf16 | Uses the general collation. |
| utf16_bin | utf16 | Uses the binary collation. |
| utf16_unicode_ci | utf16 | Uses the Unicode Collation Algorithm (UCA) based collation. |
| utf8mb4_german2_ci | utf16le | Uses the German collation. |
| utf8mb4_croatian_ci | utf16le | Uses the Croatian collation. |
| gb18030_chinese_ci | gb18030 | Uses the Chinese collation. |
| gb18030_bin | gb18030 | Uses the binary collation. |
| latin1_swedish_ci | latin1 | Uses the Swedish/Finnish collation. |
| latin1_german1_ci | latin1 | Uses the German collation for the Latin-1 character set. |
| latin1_danish_ci | latin1 | Uses the Danish collation for the Latin-1 character set. |
| latin1_german2_ci | latin1 | Uses the German collation for dictionary-based character comparisons. |
| latin1_general_ci | latin1 | Uses the general collation for case-insensitive comparisons with accents, such as in some European languages. |
| latin1_general_cs | latin1 | Uses the general collation for case-sensitive comparisons, supporting multiple languages (such as Western European languages). |
| latin1_spanish_ci | latin1 | Uses the Spanish collation. |
| latin1_bin | latin1 | Uses the binary collation for the Latin-1 character set. |
| gb18030_2022_bin | gb18030_2022 | Uses the binary collation. |
| gb18030_2022_chinese_ci | gb18030_2022 | Uses the pinyin collation. Case-insensitive. The default collation for this character set in MySQL mode. |
| gb18030_2022_chinese_cs | gb18030_2022 | Uses the pinyin collation. Case-sensitive. |
| gb18030_2022_radical_ci | gb18030_2022 | Uses the radical-stroke collation. Case-insensitive. |
| gb18030_2022_radical_cs | gb18030_2022 | Uses the radical-stroke collation. Case-sensitive. |
| gb18030_2022_stroke_ci | gb18030_2022 | Uses the stroke collation. Case-insensitive. |
| gb18030_2022_stroke_cs | gb18030_2022 | Uses the stroke collation. Case-sensitive. |
| ascii_bin | ascii | Uses the binary collation. It compares and sorts characters as binary data. |
| ascii_general_ci | ascii | Uses the general collation for case-insensitive comparisons. It ignores case differences and treats uppercase and lowercase letters as the same. |
| tis620_bin | tis620 | Uses the binary collation. |
| tis620_thai_ci | tis620 | Uses the Thai collation, which is case-insensitive. |
| sjis_japanese_ci | sjis | Uses the Japanese collation. |
| dec8_swedish_ci | dec8 | Uses the Swedish collation. |
| gb2312_chinese_ci | gb2312 | Uses the GB2312 character set with the Chinese collation for case-insensitive comparisons. |
| gb2312_bin | gb2312 | Uses the GB2312 character set with the binary collation for case-sensitive comparisons. |
| ujis_japanese_ci | ujis | Uses the UJIS character set with the Japanese collation for case-insensitive comparisons. |
| ujis_bin | ujis | Uses the UJIS character set with the binary collation for case-sensitive comparisons. |
| euckr_korean_ci | euckr | Uses the EUCKR character set with the Korean collation for case-insensitive comparisons. |
| euckr_bin | euckr | Uses the EUCKR character set with the binary collation for case-sensitive comparisons. |
| eucjpms_japanese_ci | eucjpms | Uses the EUCJPMS character set with the Japanese collation for case-insensitive comparisons. |
| eucjpms_bin | eucjpms | Uses the EUCJPMS character set with the binary collation for case-sensitive comparisons. |
| cp932_japanese_ci | cp932 | Uses the CP932 character set with the Japanese collation for case-insensitive comparisons. |
| cp932_bin | cp932 | Uses the CP932 character set with the binary collation for case-sensitive comparisons. |
| cp850_general_ci | cp850 | Uses the CP850 character set with the general collation for case-insensitive comparisons. |
| cp850_bin | cp850 | Uses the CP850 character set with the binary collation for case-sensitive comparisons. |
| hp8_english_ci | hp8 | Uses the HP8 character set with the English collation for case-insensitive comparisons. |
| hp8_bin | hp8 | Uses the HP8 character set with the binary collation for case-sensitive comparisons. |
| macroman_general_ci | macroman | Uses the MacRoman character set with the general collation for case-insensitive comparisons. |
| macroman_bin | macroman | Uses the MacRoman character set with the binary collation for case-sensitive comparisons. |
| swe7_swedish_ci | swe7 | Uses the SWE7 character set with the Swedish collation for case-insensitive comparisons. |
| swe7_bin | swe7 | Uses the SWE7 character set with the binary collation for case-sensitive comparisons. |
info
For any Unicode character set, operations performed with the xxx_general_ci collation are faster than those performed with the xxx_unicode_ci collation.
Character sets cannot be modified.
By default, the SHOW COLLATION statement displays all available collations.
SHOW COLLATION;
The result is as follows:
+----------------------------+--------------+------+---------+----------+---------+
| Collation | Charset | Id | Default | Compiled | Sortlen |
+----------------------------+--------------+------+---------+----------+---------+
| utf8mb4_general_ci | utf8mb4 | 45 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| utf8mb4_bin | utf8mb4 | 46 | | Yes | 1 |
| binary | binary | 63 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| gbk_chinese_ci | gbk | 28 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| gbk_bin | gbk | 87 | | Yes | 1 |
| utf16_general_ci | utf16 | 54 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| utf16_bin | utf16 | 55 | | Yes | 1 |
| gb18030_chinese_ci | gb18030 | 248 | Yes | Yes | 2 |
| gb18030_bin | gb18030 | 249 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_swedish_ci | latin1 | 8 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_german1_ci | latin1 | 5 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_danish_ci | latin1 | 15 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_german2_ci | latin1 | 31 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_general_ci | latin1 | 48 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_general_cs | latin1 | 49 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_spanish_ci | latin1 | 94 | | Yes | 1 |
| latin1_bin | latin1 | 47 | | Yes | 1 |
| gb18030_2022_bin | gb18030_2022 | 216 | | Yes | 1 |
| gb18030_2022_chinese_ci | gb18030_2022 | 217 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| gb18030_2022_chinese_cs | gb18030_2022 | 218 | | Yes | 1 |
| gb18030_2022_radical_ci | gb18030_2022 | 219 | | Yes | 1 |
| gb18030_2022_radical_cs | gb18030_2022 | 220 | | Yes | 1 |
| gb18030_2022_stroke_ci | gb18030_2022 | 221 | | Yes | 1 |
| gb18030_2022_stroke_cs | gb18030_2022 | 222 | | Yes | 1 |
| gb2312_chinese_ci | gb2312 | 24 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| gb2312_bin | gb2312 | 86 | | Yes | 1 |
| ascii_general_ci | ascii | 11 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| ascii_bin | ascii | 65 | | Yes | 1 |
| tis620_thai_ci | tis620 | 18 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| tis620_bin | tis620 | 89 | | Yes | 1 |
| ujis_japanese_ci | ujis | 12 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| ujis_bin | ujis | 91 | | Yes | 1 |
| euckr_korean_ci | euckr | 19 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| euckr_bin | euckr | 85 | | Yes | 1 |
| eucjpms_japanese_ci | eucjpms | 97 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| eucjpms_bin | eucjpms | 98 | | Yes | 1 |
| cp932_japanese_ci | cp932 | 95 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| cp932_bin | cp932 | 96 | | Yes | 1 |
| utf16le_general_ci | utf16le | 56 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| utf16le_bin | utf16le | 62 | | Yes | 1 |
| sjis_japanese_ci | sjis | 13 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| sjis_bin | sjis | 88 | | Yes | 1 |
| big5_chinese_ci | big5 | 1 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| big5_bin | big5 | 84 | | Yes | 1 |
| hkscs_bin | hkscs | 152 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| hkscs31_bin | hkscs31 | 153 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| utf16_unicode_ci | utf16 | 101 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_icelandic_ci | utf16 | 102 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_latvian_ci | utf16 | 103 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_romanian_ci | utf16 | 104 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_slovenian_ci | utf16 | 105 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_polish_ci | utf16 | 106 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_estonian_ci | utf16 | 107 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_spanish_ci | utf16 | 108 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_swedish_ci | utf16 | 109 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_turkish_ci | utf16 | 110 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_czech_ci | utf16 | 111 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_danish_ci | utf16 | 112 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_lithuanian_ci | utf16 | 113 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_slovak_ci | utf16 | 114 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_spanish2_ci | utf16 | 115 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_roman_ci | utf16 | 116 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_persian_ci | utf16 | 117 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_esperanto_ci | utf16 | 118 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_hungarian_ci | utf16 | 119 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_sinhala_ci | utf16 | 120 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_german2_ci | utf16 | 121 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_croatian_ci | utf16 | 122 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_unicode_520_ci | utf16 | 123 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf16_vietnamese_ci | utf16 | 124 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_unicode_ci | utf8mb4 | 224 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_icelandic_ci | utf8mb4 | 225 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_latvian_ci | utf8mb4 | 226 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_romanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 227 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_slovenian_ci | utf8mb4 | 228 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_polish_ci | utf8mb4 | 229 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_estonian_ci | utf8mb4 | 230 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_spanish_ci | utf8mb4 | 231 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_swedish_ci | utf8mb4 | 232 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_turkish_ci | utf8mb4 | 233 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_czech_ci | utf8mb4 | 234 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_danish_ci | utf8mb4 | 235 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_lithuanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 236 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_slovak_ci | utf8mb4 | 237 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_spanish2_ci | utf8mb4 | 238 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_roman_ci | utf8mb4 | 239 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_persian_ci | utf8mb4 | 240 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_esperanto_ci | utf8mb4 | 241 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_hungarian_ci | utf8mb4 | 242 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_sinhala_ci | utf8mb4 | 243 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_german2_ci | utf8mb4 | 244 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_croatian_ci | utf8mb4 | 245 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci | utf8mb4 | 246 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_vietnamese_ci | utf8mb4 | 247 | | Yes | 8 |
| dec8_swedish_ci | dec8 | 3 | Yes | Yes | 8 |
| dec8_bin | dec8 | 69 | | Yes | 8 |
| cp850_general_ci | cp850 | 4 | Yes | Yes | 8 |
| cp850_bin | cp850 | 80 | | Yes | 8 |
| hp8_english_ci | hp8 | 6 | Yes | Yes | 8 |
| hp8_bin | hp8 | 72 | | Yes | 8 |
| macroman_general_ci | macroman | 39 | Yes | Yes | 8 |
| macroman_bin | macroman | 53 | | Yes | 8 |
| swe7_swedish_ci | swe7 | 10 | Yes | Yes | 8 |
| swe7_bin | swe7 | 82 | | Yes | 8 |
| utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 255 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_de_pb_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 256 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_is_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 257 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_lv_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 258 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_ro_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 259 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_sl_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 260 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_pl_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 261 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_et_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 262 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_es_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 263 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_sv_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 264 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_tr_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 265 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_cs_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 266 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_da_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 267 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_lt_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 268 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_sk_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 269 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_es_trad_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 270 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_la_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 271 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_eo_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 273 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_hu_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 274 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_hr_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 275 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_vi_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 277 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 278 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_de_pb_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 279 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_is_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 280 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_lv_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 281 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_ro_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 282 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_sl_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 283 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_pl_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 284 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_et_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 285 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_es_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 286 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_sv_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 287 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_tr_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 288 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_cs_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 289 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_da_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 290 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_lt_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 291 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_sk_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 292 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_es_trad_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 293 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_la_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 294 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_eo_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 296 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_hu_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 297 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_hr_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 298 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_vi_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 300 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_ja_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 303 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_ja_0900_as_cs_ks | utf8mb4 | 304 | | Yes | 24 |
| utf8mb4_0900_as_ci | utf8mb4 | 305 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_ru_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 306 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_ru_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 307 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_zh_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 308 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_0900_bin | utf8mb4 | 309 | | Yes | 1 |
| utf8mb4_nb_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 310 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_nb_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 311 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_nn_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 312 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_nn_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 313 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_sr_latn_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 314 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_sr_latn_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 315 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_bs_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 316 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_bs_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 317 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_bg_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 318 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_bg_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 319 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_gl_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 320 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_gl_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 321 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_mn_cyrl_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 322 | | Yes | 0 |
| utf8mb4_mn_cyrl_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 323 | | Yes | 0 |
+----------------------------+--------------+------+---------+----------+---------+
167 rows in set
Collations have the following general characteristics:
-
Two different character sets cannot have the same collation.
-
Each character set has a default collation. The
SHOW CHARACTER SETstatement indicates the default collation for each character set. TheSHOW COLLATIONstatement has a column that indicates whether a collation is the default for its character set (Yes or empty). -
Collation names start with the name of the associated character set and are typically followed by one or more suffixes that indicate other collation characteristics.